Table 4 Unit Root Test for ACE Transformed Variables

− 3.01 (0.12)

−4.65 (0.00)

− 2.42 (0.36)

− 16.55 (0.00)

1.93^a

0.120

−1.38 (0.15)

− 3.37 (0.00)

− 1.05 (0.93)

− 27.65 (0.00)

0.32^a

0.071

−1.60 (0.78)

−4.98 (0.00)

− 1.00 (0.94)

− 11.86 (0.00)

2.04^a

0.216

−2.08 (0.25)

−3.85 (0.00)

− 0.93 (0.30)

− 10.42 (0.00)

2.05^a

0.066

−1.85 (0.67)

−4.13 (0.00)

− 1.97 (0.61)

− 13.65 (0.00)

1.60^a

0.081