Table 1 Selected variables, descriptions, and sources
Variables | Abbreviation | Descriptions | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
Dependent variable | |||
Market risk | Market risk | Tail risk across 24 Vietnam sectors estimated from VaR | Authors’ calculation |
Independent variables | |||
Interest rate | Interest | LIBOR—Swiss 3-month LIBOR Middle rate (SNB) | Thomson Reuters—Refinitiv |
Exchange rate | Exchange | USD/VND exchange rate | Thomson Reuters—Refinitiv |
Trade openness | Openness | Vietnam’s total exports and imports as the percentage share of GDP | General Statistics Office of Vietnam |
Financial development | FD | Financial Development Index | International Monetary Fund |
Economic growth | GDP | Vietnam’s annual GDP per capita | The World Bank |
Control variables | |||
Gold price | Gold | Gold Futures Price | Thomson Reuters – Refinitiv |
Oil price | Oil | Crude Oil WTI Futures | |