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Table 9 Definition of variables

From: FDI-growth and trade-growth relationships during crises: evidence from Bangladesh

Variables

Definition

Exports

Total amount of goods and services exported in a year in constant 2010 million US$.

Imports

Total amount of goods and services imported in a year in constant 2010 million US$.

Capital stock

Amount of physical capital stock in a particular year in constant 2010 million US$.

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)

The total expenditure for the acquisitions of new or existing fixed assets less the disposal of fixed assets in an economy in a year. Acquisitions can be done by the business sector, governments, and households. It is used as a constant 2010 million US$.

Labor

Number of people aged 14–65 in a year.

Total trade

The sum of exports and imports in a year in constant 2010 million US$.

FDI

The amount of foreign direct investment inflow in a year in constant 2010 million US$.

Broad Money (M3)

The total money supply in an economy that includes M2 as well as large time deposits, institutional money market funds, short-term repurchase agreements, and other larger liquid assets, which is measured in constant 2010 million US$.

Crises

A dummy variable having a value of 1 for the years 2007, 2008, 2009, 2016, 2017, and 2020 and a value of 0 in other years.

Real GDP

The gross domestic product in a year in constant 2010 million US$.