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Table 2 Linear effects

From: How do supply or demand shocks affect the US oil market?

Refined product

\(\varvec{WTI}{\mathbf{ \Rightarrow }}\varvec{Deriv}\)

\(\varvec{Deriv} \mathbf{\Rightarrow} \varvec{WTI}\)

Supply-driven

Demand-driven

Test statistic

Bootstrap critical values

Test statistic

Bootstrap critical values

1%

5%

10%

1%

5%

10%

Conv. Gasol. NY

2.241

9.760

6.637

4.810

24.078***

9.123

6.075

4.522

RBOB

20.374***

9.576

6.443

4.929

8.839***

8.839

5.710

4.291

Heating Oil

7.157**

9.033

6.008

4.702

0.473

9.137

5.990

4.644

Diesel NY

10.037***

8.762

5.798

4.590

0.110

9.163

6.051

4.727

Kerosene

22.338***

10.050

6.168

4.622

5.021*

9.275

6.209

4.675

  1. Lag orders are selected by minimizing the Schwarz Information Criteria
  2. ***, **, * denotes significance at 1%, 5% and 10% respectively