Table 3 Definitions and sources of variables
From: Mobile money innovations, income inequality and gender inclusion in sub-Saharan Africa
Variables | Definitions | Sources |
|---|---|---|
Women in politics | Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament (%) | WDI (World Bank) |
Women in business | Women businesses and law index score (scale 1–100) | WDI (World Bank) |
Income inequality (Gini) | “The Gini coefficient is a measurement of the income distribution of a country's residents” | WDI (World Bank) |
Mobile send | The percentage of respondents who report using a mobile phone to send money in the past 12 months (% age 15 +) | GFDD (World Bank) |
Mobile payment | The percentage of respondents who report using a mobile phone to pay bills in the past 12 months (% age 15 +) | GFDD (World Bank) |
Financial institutions depth index | “The Financial Institutions Depth (FID) Index, which compiles data on bank credit to the private sector, pension fund assets, mutual fund assets, and insurance premiums (life and non‐life) as percentages of GDP” | Findex (World Bank) |
Financial institutions access index | “The Financial Institutions Access (FIA) Index, which compiles data on the number of bank branches and the number of automatic teller machines (ATMs) per 100,000 adults” | Findex (World Bank) |
Financial institutions efficiency index | “The Financial Institutions Efficiency (FIE) Index, which compiles data on the banking sector’s net interest margin, the lending–deposits spread, the ratios of non‐interest income to total income and overhead costs to total assets, and the returns on assets and equity” | Findex (World Bank) |
Inflation | Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) | WDI (World Bank) |
Foreign aid | Net Official Development Assistance received (% of GNI) | WDI (World Bank) |
Government Expenditure | General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP) | WDI (World Bank) |
Economic growth | GDP growth (annual %) | WDI (World Bank) |
Foreign investment | Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) | WDI (World Bank) |
Remittances | Remittance inflows (%GDP) | WDI (World Bank) |
Trade | Trade is the sum of exports and imports of goods and services measured as a share of gross domestic product | WDI (World Bank) |