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Financial Innovation

Table 3 Statistical properties of the closing prices series

From: Elitist-opposition-based artificial electric field algorithm for higher-order neural network optimization and financial time series forecasting

Statistic

DJIA

S&P 500

NASDAQ

Russell 2000

Minimum

2.9806e + 04

2.0631e + 04

1.1773e + 03

174.9000

Mean

3.4008e + 04

2.3318e + 04

1.3772e + 04

2.0338e + 03

Median

34,367

2.3554e + 04

1.4497e + 04

2.0346e + 03

Variance

2.6599e + 06

1.0900e + 06

9.1354e + 06

7.9047e + 04

Maximum

36,675

2.5267e + 04

16,575

2.5932e + 03

Standard deviation

1.6309e + 03

1.0440e + 03

3.0225e + 03

281.1527

Skewness

 − 0.6243

 − 0.5313

 − 2.9437

 − 2.9336

Kurtosis

2.4683

2.4387

12.6564

19.8676

Correlation coefficient

0.0205

0.0721

 − 0.5124

 − 0.4951

Lijung-Box test

h = 1, p = 0.0000

h = 1, p = 0.0000

h = 1, p = 0.0000

h = 1, p = 0.0000

KPSS test

h = 1, p = 0.0100

h = 1, p = 0.0100

h = 1, p = 0.0100

h = 1, p = 0.0100

ADF test

h = 0, p = 0.5089

h = 0, p = 0.8077

h = 0, p = 0.0626

h = 0, p = 0.2266

PP test

h = 0, p = 0.5089

h = 0, p = 0.8077

h = 0, p = 0.0626

h = 0, p = 0.2266

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