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Table 31 Estimates of conditional mean VAR-DCC-GARCH model (period 2)

From: The nexus between the volatility of Bitcoin, gold, and American stock markets during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from VAR-DCC-EGARCH and ANN models

Gold

S&P500

Dow Jones

Bitcoin

Nasdaq

\({\Phi }_{1}\)

\({\Phi }_{11}\)

0.080*

(0.091)

\({\Phi }_{21}\)

0.039

(0.597)

\({\Phi }_{31}\)

0.092

(0.238)

\({\Phi }_{41}\)

0.152

(0.507)

\({\Phi }_{51}\)

0.019

(0.809)

\({\Phi }_{2}\)

\({\Phi }_{12}\)

−0.367

(0.209)

\({\Phi }_{22}\)

−0.666

(0.143)

\({\Phi }_{32}\)

−0.960**

(0.046)

\({\Phi }_{42}\)

−0.417

(0.769)

\({\Phi }_{52}\)

−0.552

(0.259)

\({\Phi }_{3}\)

\({\Phi }_{13}\)

0.086

(0.633)

\({\Phi }_{23}\)

0.240

(0.393)

\({\Phi }_{33}\)

0.387

(0.193)

\({\Phi }_{43}\)

0.458

(0.603)

\({\Phi }_{53}\)

0.123

(0.684)

\({\Phi }_{4}\)

\({\Phi }_{14}\)

0.026**

(0.012)

\({\Phi }_{24}\)

−0.030*

(0.067)

\({\Phi }_{34}\)

−0.028

(0.100)

\({\Phi }_{44}\)

−0.108 **

(0.032)

\({\Phi }_{54}\)

−0.030*

(0.079)

\({\Phi }_{5}\)

\({\Phi }_{15}\)

0.288**

(0.019)

\({\Phi }_{25}\)

0.126

(0.509)

\({\Phi }_{35}\)

0.256

(0.206)

\({\Phi }_{45}\)

−0.071

(0.905)

\({\Phi }_{55}\)

0.098

(0.632)

µ

0.000

(0.846)

0.001

(0.161)

0.001

(0.336)

0.006**

(0.021)

0.002*

(0.070)

  1. In parentheses are the P-values
  2. ***Significant at the 1 percent level
  3. **Significant at the 5 percent level
  4. *Significant at the 10 percent level