The nexus between the volatility of Bitcoin, gold, and American stock markets during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from VAR-DCC-EGARCH and ANN models

Financial Innovation

Table 2 Descriptive statistics of the returns of the data (before the COVID-19 pandemic, 2018–2019)

	Bitcoin market	Gold market	Nasdaq stock market	S&P stock market	Dow Jones stock market
Minimum	−0.2411	−0.0164	−0.0453	−0.0418	−0.0471
Median	0.0006	−0.0003	0.0003	0.0004	0.0006
Mean	−0.0055	−0.0001	−0.0003	−0.0004	−0.0004
Maximum	0.1312	0.0190	0.0606	0.0569	0.0600
Standard deviation	0.0510	0.0058	0.0134	0.0110	0.0116
Skewness	−0.7189	0.0116	−0.2854	−0.2472	−0.2532
Kurtosis	2.2387	0.4030	2.3852	4.0562	4.0940