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Table 9 VaR and CVaR estimated using the factor model for a 10 year pure endowment

From: A simplified model for measuring longevity risk for life insurance products

Age

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

Spain male

Spain female

65

− 6.51

− 5.70

− 6.76

− 6.78

− 7.42

− 1.11

− 2.24

− 2.82

− 2.73

− 3.03

75

− 14.52

− 14.28

− 16.52

− 16.70

− 18.69

− 6.31

− 10.19

− 12.18

− 12.02

− 13.62

85

− 12.19

− 18.19

− 21.56

− 21.87

− 24.84

− 15.52

− 16.31

− 20.12

− 19.63

− 22.05

Age

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

France male

France female

65

− 3.20

− 6.48

− 7.69

− 7.74

− 8.73

1.86

− 2.40

− 2.76

− 2.75

− 3.04

75

− 8.66

− 15.68

− 18.19

− 18.97

− 22.16

− 2.55

− 8.99

− 10.60

− 10.77

− 12.07

85

− 7.43

− 20.11

− 24.04

− 23.99

− 26.85

− 6.24

− 16.30

− 18.32

− 19.04

− 21.58

Age

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

US male

US female

65

2.33

− 5.41

− 6.43

− 6.47

− 7.47

− 2.25

− 4.61

− 5.46

− 5.49

− 6.10

75

− 14.31

− 19.85

− 22.91

− 23.49

− 26.24

− 10.23

− 15.85

− 19.17

− 19.44

− 22.46

85

− 27.96

− 20.47

− 24.16

− 24.05

− 26.43

− 22.84

− 26.07

− 30.10

− 31.12

− 36.06

  1. Benefit 1000 euros and \(i=4\)%. (a) Difference between the pure premium according to the factor model and the endowment APV calculated with actual mortality rates (2007–2016), (b) 97.5% VaR, (c) 99% VaR, (d) 97.5% CVaR, (e) 99% CVaR. Bold indicates that actual losses do not exceed the VaR or CVaR