Table 6 Description of variables
Variables’ name | Synoptic terms | Description | Data sources |
|---|---|---|---|
Economic growth | GDP | GDP per capita in dollars at a 2010 fixed price | WDI |
Energy consumption | EC | Energy consumption kilogram of crude oil equivalent per capita | WDI |
Financial development | FD | Ratio of domestic credit provided for the private sector to GDP as a percentage of GDP | WDI |
Technological innovation | TI | The aggregate number of residents and non-residents of patent applications | OECD.Stat |
Ecological footprint index | EFI | The environmental degeneration condition is described by this index that is specified as the total fishing grounds, forestland, grazing land, crops land, built-up land, and carbon footprint expressed in global hectares (Gha) per person | GFN |
Environmental performance index | EPI | The emphasis of this index is on two main goals that include proper management of the natural resources and preserving the environment (this goal is consisted of improving the ecosystem status and reducing environmental stress on the well-being of humans) | YCELP CIESIN |
Adjusted net savings | ANS | Three various kinds of investment are included in this index which are human, natural capital, and physical investments. These investments are comprised of four constituents including carbon dioxide damage, ongoing education costs, resource rents (minerals, forests, and energy exhaustion), and net national saving | WDI |
Pressures on nature | PN | Four crucial components are covered in this index including carbon dioxide-related damage and exhaustion of net forest, minerals, and energies | WDI |
Environmental sustainability index | ESI | The capabilities of various nations for protecting the environment in upcoming years is assessed in this index. This index is extracted from 76 different statistical data sets that were represented by integrating 21 ESIs | YCELP CIESIN |
Environmental vulnerability index | EVI | This index is comprised of five groups that include geological, natural services and resources, human population, geographical, and climatic variables. These variables show the environmental vulnerability of various countries | UNEP |