Table 2 The detailed information of text data sources used in the literature

Unique text data in blockchain

Smart contract code

Solidity

1

Ibba et al. (2021), Zhang et al. (2021a)

Whitepaper

https://ICOHolder.com

https://ICOMarks.com

https://ICORatings.com

https://ICODrops.com

https://FoundICO.com

https://CryptoCompare.com

1

Sapkota and Grobys (2021), Thewissen et al. (2022)

Whitepaper and Expert report

https://ICOBench.com

1, 2

Xu et al. (2021)

Cryptocurrency community: technical and economic topics related to Bitcoin or other altcoins

https://bitcointalk.org

https://www.xrpchat.com

https://forum.ethereum.org

2

Kim et al. (2016), Gurdgiev and O’Loughlin (2020)

Bitcoin abuse report

https://Bitcoinabuse.org

2

Choi et al. (2022)

Cryptocurrency news

https://www.coindesk.com

https://www.newsbtc.com

https://www.fxstreet.com/cryptocurrencies/news

https://cointelegraph.com

https://www.cryptocompare.com

https://cryptocoin.news

3

Karalevicius et al. (2018), Farimani et al. (2022)

General Data Sources contain blockchain topics (through keyword search)

Firm disclosures including 10-Ks, conference calls, etc.

SEC Filings

Full list: https://www.sec.gov/forms

1

Yen and Wang (2021), Stratopoulos et al. (2022)

Patent filing

Patent database:

USPTO, EPO

1

Wang et al. (2021a), Zhang et al. (2021a)

The required skills for job applicant

Online recruitment website

1

Ge et al. (2021)

Terms of Services Agreement

Company website

1

Caliskan (2020)

Social media platform:

contain blockchain-related messages

Twitter, Sina Weibo, Stocktwits

2

Chen et al. (2019a), Pan et al. (2020), Huang et al. (2021)

General Data Sources contain blockchain topics (through keyword search)

Online forums or groups:

contain blockchain-related posts

Reddit, Github, Telegram, StackExchange, Discord

2

Alahi et al. (2019), Hinds-Charles et al. (2019), Nizzoli et al. (2020)

Online forum:

contains criminal/illicit topics

HackForums

2

Siu et al. (2021)

Users’ review about a specific product/service

App store

2

Voskobojnikov et al. (2021)

Web data (news, social networking websites, forums, etc,.)

Web data monitoring:

Webz.io, Notified, OpView Social Listening Platform

2, 3

Lu et al. (2017), Inamdar et al. (2019), Grassman et al. (2021)

News articles

Newspaper channels:

The Financial Times, The Economist, The Economic Times, Business Insider, The Wall Street Journal

3

Azqueta-Gavaldón (2020)

News articles from multiple channels

News Terminals:

Nexis, Refinitiv Eikon, NewsAPI, RavenPack

3

Polasik et al. (2015), Rognone et al. (2020), Anamika and Subramaniam (2022)

Academic Papers/industry articles

WoS, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, ACM Digital Library, JSTOR, SSRN, Business Source Premier

4

Shahid and Jungpil (2020), da Silva and Moro (2021)