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Table 10 Robustness results II

From: Does country risk impact the banking sectors’ non-performing loans? Evidence from BRICS emerging economies

Independent variables

Quantile estimated coefficients

Fixed effects

GMM-SYS

Q.25

Q.50

Q.75

Q.95

Coefficients

Coefficients

Lagged non-performing loan

0.246

0.426

0.351

0.417

0.313

0.463

 

(0.268)

(0.726)

(0.345)

(0.336)

(0.236)

(0.251)

Political risk index

− 0.114*

− 0.133***

− 0.147**

− 0.158**

− 0.074***

− 0.215**

 

(0.001)

(0.078)

(0.032)

(0.015)

(0.084)

(0.034)

Economic risk index

− 0.085

− 0.113**

− 0.105

− 0.132***

− 0.117**

− 0.101*

 

(0.315)

(0.031)

(0.265)

(0.076)

(0.025)

(0.001)

Financial risk index

− 0.035

− 0.045*

− 0.015***

− 0.024

− 0.023

− 0.002***

 

(0.452)

(0.021)

(0.074)

(0.334)

(0.352)

(0.086)

Control variables

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

TC dummies

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

FC dummy

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

Adj.R2

0.61

CD-test (p value)

(0.287)

AR (2)

(0.246)

Hansen-test

(0.433)

Sargan-test

(0.359)

  1. Table 10 shows the estimation results of Eq. (3) using the Quantile, Fixed effects with the cluster-robust standard error, and GMM-SYS panel estimation with the robust standard error to heteroscedasticity approaches. Profitability is the bank’s return on equity; Capital regulation is the bank’s capital to total assets, and Inefficiency is the bank’s overhead costs to total assets. TC dummies are time and country dummies. FC dummy is the global financial crisis dummy variable which equals one in 2008 and 2009 and zeroes otherwise. The 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles of the NPL rate are reported. CD-test stands for a cross-sectional dependence test. AR (2), Hansen, and also Sargan tests stand as serial correlation and over-identification tests, respectively. Numbers in parentheses for each column denote the P values. *, **, and *** denote the significance level at 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively