Table 1 Summary of literature
Authors | Case-study | Main explanatory variables | Methods |
|---|---|---|---|
Berger and DeYoung (1997) | U.S banks | Capital adequacy ratio, cost efficiency, bank capital, bank size, loan quality | Dynamic paneldata model |
Salas and Saurina (2002) | Spanish banks | GDP real growth, inflation rate, interest rate, the unemployment rate | Dynamic panel data model |
Khwaja and Mian (2005) | Pakistani banks | Political power, level of corruption, government stability, political stability | Static panel data model |
Quagliariello (2007) | Italian banks | GDP growth rate, inflation, unemployment, interest rate | Dynamic paneldata model |
Boudriga et al. (2010) | Banks in MENA region | Credit growth rate, capital adequacy ratio, profitability, real GDP growth rate | OLS estimation approach |
Khemraj and Pasha (2009) | Guyanese banking sector | Real effective exchange rate, GDP growth, interest rates, unemployment rate, inflation | Static panel data model |
Cotugno et al. (2010) | Italian banks | Bank size, gross loans, functional distance, profitability | Dynamic panel data model |
Espinoza and Prasad (2010) | Banks in GCC countries | Capital adequacy ratio, efficiency, bank size, net interest margin, credit growth | Dynamic panel data model |
Adebola et al. (2011) | Malaysian Islamic banks | GDP growth, interest rate, inflation, the unemployment rate | ARDL approach |
Dimitrios et al. (2016) | Greek banks | GDP growth, consumer loans, business loans & mortgages, unemployment, lending rate | Dynamic panel data model |
Kauko (2012) | Banks in European countries | Financial stability, credit growth, bank solvency, liquidity, GDP growth, inflation | OLS estimation approach |
Bonilla (2012) | Banks in Spain & Italy | Credit growth, wages, inflation, unemployment, GDP | OLS estimation approach |
De Bock and Demyanets (2012) | Banks in emerging countries | Bank asset quality, profitability, capital adequacy ratio, ownership structure | Dynamic panel data model |
Louzis et al. (2012) | Greek banks | Profitability, inflation, GDP growth, unemployment rate, lending rate | Dynamic panel data model |
Akkoc and Vatansever (2013) | Turkish banks | Exchange rate, GNP growth, unemployment, interest rate, inflation | OLS estimation approach |
Badar and Javid (2013) | Pakistan banks | Inflation, exchange rate, interest rate, gross domestic product, money supply | Dynamic panel data model |
Messai and Jouini (2013) | Banks in Italy, Greece, & Spain | GDP growth, unemployment rate, real interest rate, inflation | Dynamic panel data model |
Abid et al. (2014) | Tunisian banks | Profitability, solvency ratio, inefficiency, bank size | Dynamic panel data model |
Imbierowicz and Rauch (2014) | U.S banks | Liquidity risk, bank capital, bank size, efficiency | Dynamic panel data model |
Prasanna et al. (2014) | Indian banks | GDP growth rate, savings growth rate, interest rate, inflation | Dynamic panel data model |
Beck et al. (2015) | Banks across 75 countries | Nominal effective exchange rate, real GDP, interest rate, stock market capitalization | Static and dynamic panel data model |
Ali et al. (2015) | Malaysian commercial banks | Liquidity risk, bank capital, bank size, inefficiency, inflation, profitability, sovereign debt, non-interest income | Dynamic panel data model |
Mance et al. (2015) | Banks in Croatia | Real GDP, industrial production index, unemployment rate, inflation, interest rate | Quantile regression estimation method |
Nadham and Nahid (2015) | Banks in Tanzania | Interest rate, GDP growth, lending activities, inflation, unemployment | OLS estimation approach |
Morakinyo and Sibanda (2016) | Banks in MINT countries | Capital adequacy ratio, profitability, liquidity ratio, bank total credit | Static and dynamic panel data model |
Umar and Sun (2016) | Chinese banks | Bank liquidity creation, size, profitability, earning volatility, leverage, interbank offered rate, GDP | Static and dynamic panel data model |
Gjeci and Marinc (2018) | Banks across 195 countries | Corruption, bank size, bank effectiveness, bank capital | Static panel data model |
Khan et al. (2018) | Banks in Pakistan | Exchange rate, inflation, GDP growth rate, unemployment rate, the tax rate | Static panel data model |
Anastasiou et al. (2019) | Greek banking sector | Governance, liquidity risk, political stability, corruption, government effectiveness, unemployment rate, bank concentration, bank deposits, profitability, GDP growth | Static panel data model |
Kuzucu and Kuzucu (2019) | Banks in emerging and advanced countries | Exchange rate, inflation, unemployment, economic growth, loan size, bank capitalization, foreign direct investment | Dynamic panel data model |
Kumar and Kishore (2019) | Banks in UAE | Profitability, bank efficiency, bank capital, income diversification | Static panel data model |
Kartikasary et al. (2020) | Indonesian banks | Bank capital, bank size, loans to deposit ratio, profitability, efficiency | Panel pool regression model |
Boussaada et al. (2020) | Banks in the MENA region | Liquidity risk, performance, bank capital, size, financial crisis, inflation, liquid assets | Panel Smooth Transition Regression model |
Hakimi et al. (2020) | Banks in the MENA region | Corruption, government stability, bank size, bank capital, GDP, inflation, liquid assets | Self-Exciting Threshold Autoregressive model |
Rehmana et al. (2020) | Pakistani banks | Corruption, bank size, profitability, capitalization, GDP, income diversification, inflation, lending interest rate | Static panel data model |
Khan et al. (2020) | Pakistan banking sector | Profitability, efficiency, bank capital, income diversification | Static panel data model |
Syed and Tripathi (2020) | Indian banks | Inflation, unemployment, GDP growth, saving rate | Dynamic panel data model |
Jenkins et al. (2021) | Banks in MENA countries | Corruption, bank size, bank capital, efficiency | Quantile regression estimation method |
Karadima and Louri (2021) | banks operating in Europe | Economic policy uncertainty, bank concentration, GDP, inflation, profitability | Dynamic panel data model |
Mohamad and Jenkins (2021) | Banks in MENA countries | Corruption, bank-specific factors | Static panel data model |
Anita et al. (2022) | Banks in SAARC economies | Government budget balance, GDP, sovereign debt, inflation rate, and money supply | Static panel data model |
Fakhrunnas et al. (2022) | Indonesian banks | Growth, inflation, exchange rate, interest rate | NARDL |
Foglia (2022) | Italian banks | GDP, public debt, unemployment, domestic credit | ARDL |
Naili and Lahrichi (2022) | Banks in MENA countries | capital, inefficiency, size, ownership, GDP, unemployment, inflation, sovereign debt | Static and dynamic panel data model |