A new hybrid method with data-characteristic-driven analysis for artificial intelligence and robotics index return forecasting

Financial Innovation

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the log-returns of the AIRO index

The p values are reported in parentheses. SD represents the standard deviation. J–B is Jarque–-Bera test statistic, with the null hypothesis of normal distribution. Q(10) and Q²(10) denote the Ljung–Box Q-statistics of the returns and squared returns series for up to 10th order serial autocorrelation. ADF and PP are the statistics of the augmented Dickey–Fuller and Phillips–Perron unit root tests, respectively, based on lags determined by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC)