Table 7 Balanced scorecard-based open financial innovation models

Financial institution-oriented financial facilities (Model 1)

Alam et al. (2019); Dabrowski and Lottermoser (2019)

Customer interaction in financial issues (Model 2)

Poon et al. (2020); Al-Dmour et al. (2020)

Learning of new financial ideas with competition and benchmarking (Model 3)

Chen (2018); Xiao and Ke (2021)

Organizational excellence in collaborative financial ideas (Model 4)

Liu et al. (2021); Meng et al. (2021)