Table 1 Synopsis of studies
S/N | Investigator (s) | Timeframe | Nation (s) | Technique(s) | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Cheng and Zhu (2021) | 2003–2016 | China | Dynamic spatial Durbin model | Fiscal decentralization triggers CO2 emissions |
2 | Cheng et al. (2021) | 2005–2018 | China | DOLS, CCR, FMOLS | Fiscal decentralization reduces the level of emissions |
3 | Du and Sun (2021) | 2003–2018 | Chinese provinces | PSTR | Fiscal decentralization deteriorates environmental quality |
4 | Xiao-Sheng et al. (2021) | 2007–2016 | 270 Chinese cities | Spatial regression methods | Fiscal decentralization impedes environmental quality |
5 | 2006–2016 | 30 Chinese provinces | Spatial Durbin model | Fiscal decentralization increases carbon emissions | |
6 | 2004–2018 | 269 Chinese cities | Dynamic spatial Durbin model | Fiscal decentralization accelerates environmental quality | |
7 | Xu (2022) | 1995–2017 | China | ARDL model | Fiscal decentralization improves environmental quality |
8 | Wang et al. (2021) | 1984–2019 | Fiscally decentralized economies | Quantile regression model, FMOLS | Fiscal decentralization decreases carbon emissions |
9 | Tufail et al. (2021) | 1990–2018 | 7 OECD | CS-ARDL, AMG | Fiscal decentralization reduces carbon emissions |
10 | Rani (2021) | 1998–2018 | 48 countries | MMQR, FMOLS, DOLS, FE-OLS | Fiscal decentralization improves environmental quality |
11 | Phan et al. (2021) | 1984–2017 | 9 Asian economies | Dynamic panel ARDL model | Fiscal decentralization improves environmental quality |
12 | Lingyan et al. (2022) | 1990–2019 | Top 10 highly decentralized countries | MMQR | Fiscal decentralization improves environmental quality |
13 | Lin and Zhou (2021) | 2000–2017 | Chinese provinces | Fixed-effect model | Fiscal decentralization improves environmental quality |
14 | 1984–2018 | Pakistan | Asymmetric ARDL model | Fiscal decentralization improves environmental quality | |
15 | 1990–2018 | 7 OECD economies | CS-ARDL | Fiscal decentralization improves environmental quality | |
16 | Du and Sun (2021) | 2003–2018 | 285 Chinese prefecture-level cities | PSTR | Fiscal decentralization deteriorates environmental quality |
17 | Su et al. (2021) | 1990–2018 | OECD economies | CS-ARDL | Fiscal decentralization improves environmental quality |
18 | Cheng et al. (2021) | 2005–2018 | China | DOLS, FMOLS, CCR | Fiscal decentralization reduces carbon emissions |
19 | Cheng et al. (2020a) | 1997–2016 | 30 Chinese provinces | LMDI framework | Fiscal decentralization deteriorates environmental quality |
20 | Cheng et al. (2020b) | 1997–2015 | China | LMDI, dynamic panel regression model | Fiscal decentralization reduces carbon emissions |
21 | Chen and Liu (2020) | 2003–2017 | 31 Chinese provinces | Spatial Durbin model | Fiscal decentralization deteriorates environmental quality |
22 | Chen and Chang (2020) | 2003–2017 | 30 Chinese provinces | Spatial economic model | Fiscal decentralization reduces the level of emissions |
23 | Zhou and Zhang (2020) | 2007–2017 | 30 Chinese provincial-level administrative divisions | SLM | Fiscal decentralization reduces the level of emissions |
24 | Wen and Lee (2020) | 2003–2011 | China | DID method | Fiscal decentralization reduces the level of emissions |
25 | Li et al. (2021b) | 1984–2018 | Pakistan | NARDL | Fiscal decentralization improves environmental quality |
26 | Hao et al. (2020) | 1995–2015 | China | Two-equation regression model | Fiscal decentralization decreases carbon emissions |
27 | Ji et al. (2021) | 1990–2018 | Switzerland, Spain, Germany, Canada, Belgium, Austria, and Australia | Panel data econometric tools | Fiscal decentralization escalates carbon emissions |
28 | Guo et al. (2020) | 2009–2011 | Chinese provinces | Panel data econometric tools | Fiscal decentralization escalates carbon emissions |
29 | Yang et al. (2020) | 2003–2016 | 278 Chinese cities | Fixed-effect model and quantile regression | Fiscal decentralization worsens environmental quality |
30 | Chen and Liu (2020) | 1996–2016 | China | LMDI method | Fiscal decentralization increases environmental degradation |
31 | Yang et al. (2020) | 2005–2016 | China | Spatial Durbin model | Fiscal decentralization improves environmental quality |
32 | 1990–2018 | 7 OECD countries | ARDL approach | Fiscal decentralization improves environmental quality | |
33 | Ahmad et al. (2020) | 2003–2016 | 10 top Chinese cities | GMM | Fiscal decentralization improves environmental quality |
34 | Kuai et al. (2019) | 1990–2016 | 30 Chinese provinces | Spatial autoregression model | Fiscal decentralization intensifies level of emissions |
35 | Yang et al. (2019) | 2005–2016 | China | SDM | Fiscal decentralization worsens environmental quality |
36 | Liu et al. (2019) | 2000–2012 | 30 Chinese municipalities and provinces | Hamilton function method, fixed-effect method, threshold regression | Fiscal decentralization intensifies level of emissions |
37 | Kuai et al. (2019) | 1998–2016 | 31 Chinese provinces | Spatial Durbin model | Fiscal decentralization improves environmental quality |
38 | Mugableh (2019) | 1978–2017 | Jordan | ARDL and VECM | Fiscal decentralization improves environmental quality |
39 | Zhang et al. (2017) | 1995–2012 | 29 Chinese provinces | GMM | Fiscal decentralization deteriorates environmental quality |
40 | Hector (2017) | 2003–2015 | Chinese low- and high-income provinces | Panel OLS | Fiscal decentralization worsens environmental quality |
41 | Assuncao and Schutze (2017) | 1970–2006 | Brazil | Prediction method | Fiscal decentralization improves environmental quality |
42 | He (2015) | 1995–2010 | Chinese provinces | System GMM | Fiscal decentralization worsens environmental quality |
43 | Li et al. (2013) | 1991–2001 | China | SBM model | Fiscal decentralization deteriorates environmental quality |
44 | Kim (2011) | 2004–2008 | South Korea | Panel analysis | Fiscal decentralization deteriorates environmental quality |
45 | Sigman (2007) | 1979–1999 | 35 selected countries | Weighted least squares | Fiscal decentralization has no effect on carbon emissions |
46 | Konisky (2007) | 1985–2000 | USA | Strategic interaction models | Fiscal decentralization increases the level of emissions |
47 | Millimet (2003) | 1920–2000 | USA | Multivariate analyses of the state policy | Fiscal decentralization decreases the level of emissions |