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Table 3 Spatiotemporal correlation coefficients for 29 indices with equal weights (Stage 2)

From: Dynamic spatiotemporal correlation coefficient based on adaptive weight

Ordinal

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Index

DJI.GI

000001.SH

FTSE.GI

FCHI.GI

GDAXI.GI

SSMI.GI

BFX.GI

AEX.GI

OSEAX.GI

ITLMS.GI

IBEX.GI

OMXS30.ST

RTS.GI

TA100.GI

N225.GI

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

0.44***

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

3

0.55***

0.52***

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

4

0.42***

0.44***

0.84***

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

5

0.79***

0.40***

0.64***

0.64***

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

6

0.69***

0.64***

0.76***

0.70***

0.74***

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

7

0.56***

0.63***

0.84***

0.83***

0.71***

0.87***

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

8

0.52***

0.54***

0.92***

0.86***

0.74***

0.80***

0.91***

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

0.71***

0.40***

0.61***

0.50***

0.84***

0.69***

0.62***

0.67***

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

10

0.50***

0.45***

0.77***

0.76***

0.64***

0.68***

0.81***

0.86***

0.62***

0

0

0

0

0

0

11

0.24

0.26

0.25

0.27

0.14

0.29

0.38**

0.31

0.08

0.31

0

0

0

0

0

12

0.41***

0.39***

0.41***

0.40***

0.50***

0.59***

0.53***

0.47***

0.46***

0.41***

0.59***

0

0

0

0

13

0.50***

0.26

0.38***

0.29

0.66***

0.45***

0.40***

0.44***

0.68***

0.42***

−0.01

0.34

0

0

0

14

0.43***

0.54***

0.67***

0.54***

0.52***

0.67***

0.69***

0.71***

0.55***

0.65***

0.20

0.39***

0.39***

0

0

15

0.65***

0.36**

0.41***

0.27

0.65***

0.51***

0.43***

0.45***

0.66***

0.39***

−0.05

0.31

0.55***

0.44***

0

16

0.31

0.60***

0.61***

0.66***

0.31

0.54***

0.58***

0.56***

0.29

0.43***

0.19

0.28

0.16

0.44***

0.27

17

0.45***

0.57***

0.57***

0.53***

0.26

0.50***

0.53***

0.51***

0.25

0.38**

0.31

0.26

0.10

0.40***

0.24

18

0.66***

0.49***

0.47***

0.40***

0.66***

0.65***

0.56***

0.50***

0.64***

0.41***

0.11

0.46***

0.50***

0.45***

0.55***

19

0.50***

0.34**

0.15

0.07

0.40***

0.35**

0.26

0.18

0.37**

0.08

0

0.18

0.23

0.16

0.42***

20

0.61***

0.64***

0.65***

0.53***

0.66***

0.81***

0.71***

0.68***

0.66***

0.56***

0.18

0.54***

0.47***

0.65***

0.60***

21

0.55***

0.34**

0.40***

0.25

0.62***

0.49***

0.41***

0.43***

0.65***

0.36**

−0.09

0.27

0.51***

0.41***

0.68***

22

0.36**

0.55***

0.75***

0.69***

0.44***

0.61***

0.66***

0.69***

0.43***

0.57***

0.15

0.31

0.28

0.57***

0.43***

23

0.44***

0.55***

0.82***

0.68***

0.50***

0.66***

0.71***

0.78***

0.53***

0.65***

0.18

0.34**

0.36**

0.68***

0.46***

24

0.34**

0.46***

0.71***

0.69***

0.38***

0.55***

0.59***

0.65***

0.38**

0.51***

0.07

0.23

0.22

0.53***

0.38**

25

0.73***

0.52***

0.55***

0.43***

0.77***

0.70***

0.60***

0.57***

0.75***

0.45***

0.06

0.43***

0.57***

0.54***

0.72***

26

0.57***

0.49***

0.80***

0.79***

0.50***

0.65***

0.70***

0.75***

0.49***

0.61***

0.16

0.33**

0.27

0.59***

0.32

27

0.51***

0.63***

0.53***

0.47***

0.60***

0.73***

0.64***

0.57***

0.58***

0.48***

0.27

0.57***

0.40***

0.50***

0.44***

28

0.01

0.31

0.36**

0.32

0.10

0.30

0.36**

0.34**

0.07

0.24

0.18

0.10

−0.07

0.18

−0.09

29

0.26

−0.44***

−0.56***

−0.59***

−0.26

−0.38**

−0.44

−0.50***

−0.31

−0.56***

−0.58***

−0.47***

−0.42***

−0.57***

−0.38***

Ordinal

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

Index

HSI.HI

TWII.TW

SENSEX.GI

PSI.GI

KLSE.GI

JKSE.GI

KS11.GI

STI.GI

AORD.GI

NZ50.GI

GSPTSE.GI

MXX.GI

IBOVESPA.GI

MERV.GI

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

3

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

4

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

5

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

6

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

7

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

8

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

10

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

11

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

12

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

13

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

14

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

15

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

16

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

17

0.67***

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

18

0.41***

0.34*

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

19

0.20

0.32

0.42***

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

20

0.52***

0.51***

0.67***

0.44***

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

21

0.26

0.21

0.56***

0.54***

0.61***

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

22

0.71***

0.68***

0.43***

0.18

0.66***

0.39***

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

23

0.67***

0.61***

0.48***

0.18

0.69***

0.47***

0.79***

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

24

0.71***

0.57***

0.35**

0.11

0.60***

0.33*

0.78***

0.75***

0

0

0

0

0

0

25

0.39***

0.38**

0.71***

0.54***

0.82***

0.70***

0.53***

0.56***

0.51***

0

0

0

0

0

26

0.67***

0.56***

0.42***

0.11

0.62***

0.32

0.76***

0.75***

0.76***

0.51***

0

0

0

0

27

0.46***

0.47***

0.63***

0.44***

0.72***

0.43***

0.46***

0.50***

0.39***

0.63***

0.53***

0

0

0

28

0.32

0.49***

0.12

0.04

0.21

−0.08

0.28

0.32

0.19

0.09

0.34*

0.34*

0

0

29

−0.61

−0.42***

−0.32

−0.04

−0.40***

−0.27

−0.63***

−0.60***

−0.71***

−0.30

−0.57***

−0.26

−0.18

0

  1. 1. The second stage is European debt crisis and other local crisis, which is the period during January 2, 2009 to December 31, 2014
  2. 2. The significant test for the spatiotemporal correlation coefficient of indices is Z test (the null hypothesis is that the spatiotemporal correlations are random), according to the existing literature (Otsuka and Saito 1965; Wangdi et al. 2021; Rodriguez-Villamizar et al. 2020). ***,**, and * represent significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively
  3. 3. Indices in developed stock markets include DJI.GI, FTSE.GI, FCHI.GI, GDAXI.GI, SSMI.GI, BFX.GI, AEX.GI, OSEAX.GI, ITLMS.GI, IBEX.GI, OMXS30.ST, TA100.GI, N225.GI, HSI.HI, STI.GI, AORD.GI, NZ50.GI and GSPTSE.GI. Correspondingly, indices in emerging stock markets involve 000001.SH, RTS.GI, TWII.TW, SENSEX.GI, PSI.GI, KLSE.GI, JKSE.GI, KS11.GI, MXX.GI, IBOVESPA.GI and MERV.GI