Table 2 Indicators and constructs
Authors | Constructs and items |
|---|---|
García-Pérez-de-Lema et al. (2021) | CEO’s financial literacy CFL Indicate your degree of agreement with the following statements (where 1 is 'totally disagree' and 5 is 'totally agree') |
CFL1 I am well informed of the evolution of the economy | |
CFL2 I am well informed about alternative financial sources | |
CFL3 I am well informed of the financial assets to invest in | |
CFL4 The company management uses the economic information | |
Management Control System MCS Indicate the degree of use of the following formal internal control systems (where 1 is 'little use' and 5 is 'a lot of use') | |
MCS1 ERP management information systems Balance Scorecard | |
MCS2 Cost Accounting Implementation | |
MCS3 Budget control | |
MCS4 Financial economic analysis | |
MCS5 Strategic planning | |
MCS6 Internal audit | |
MCS7 Implementation of quality controls | |
Risk-taking Indicate your degree of agreement with the following statements (where 1 is 'totally disagree' and 5 is 'totally agree') | |
RT1 I bet on research and development leadership | |
RT2 I have a strong propensity for high-risk projects | |
RT3 I think that knowing the environment, courageous and wide-ranging actions are necessary to achieve the objectives of the company | |
RT4 When faced with uncertain decision-making, I usually take a courageous and aggressive stance in order to maximize the likelihood of exploiting potential opportunities | |
Madrid-Guijarro et al. (2021) | Technological innovation The evolution of your company during the last two years, and comparing it with the rest of the companies in your sector, can be rated in relation to your company's products and services, and processes (where 1 is 'very unfavourable' and 5 'very favourable') |
I1 The number of new products or services introduced by your company per year | |
I2 The pioneering nature of your company when introducing new products or services | |
I3 The speed of response to the introduction of new products or services by other companies in the sector | |
I4 The number of modifications in the processes introduced by your company per year | |
I5 The pioneering nature of your company when it comes to introducing new processes | |
I6 The speed of response to the introduction of new processes by other companies in the sector |