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Financial Innovation

Table 4 Stationarity test results

From: Asymmetric relationship between global and national factors and domestic food prices: evidence from Turkey with novel nonlinear approaches

Variables

ADF Test

PP Test

Results

I(0)

I(1)

I(0)

I(1)

FOOD

0.4130

0.0000

0.0078

0.0000

I(1)

UNCERT

0.0000

 

0.0000

 

I(0)

VIX

0.0048

 

0.0002

 

I(0)

OIL

0.0552

0.0000

0.0880

0.0000

I(1)

RAW

0.1644

0.0000

0.2428

0.0000

I(1)

FERTILIZER

0.0899

0.0000

0.1067

0.0000

I(1)

TEMPERATURE

0.0696

0.0000

0.0005

0.0000

I(0)

USD/TRY

1.0000

0.0000

1.0000

0.0000

I(1)

INTEREST

0.0316

 

0.0375

 

I(0)

CDS

0.0109

 

0.0109

 

I(0)

  1. Lag length is automatically selected based on Akaike information criterion in the ADF test and Bartlett kernel in the PP test. The figures in the table show the probability values
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