Table 5 Scorecard phase 1: “measuring the darkness of the algorithmic black-boxes”

Statistics

Stability (SD)

0.001

0.005

0.003

0.001

0.002

Number hyper-parameters

0

1

2

2

+ 5

Darkness Score

1

3

3

2

5

Technology

Latency training

3.92 s

0.67 s

19.25 s

1.29 s

31.42 s

Transparency

1

2

3

3

5

Darkness Score

1

1

3

2

5

Market conduct

Latency SHAP

0

0

60 s

8 s

2000 s

Darkness Score

1

1

2

2

3