| Model (6–1) (Pooled IV/two-stage least squares) | Model (6–2) (Pooled IV /two-stage EGLS with cross-section random effects) | Model (6–3) (Pooled IV/two-stage EGLS with cross− section weights) | Model (6–4) (Pooled IV/two-Stage EGLS with period weights) | Model (6–5) (Pooled IV/two-stage EGLS with period SUR) | Model (6–6) (Pooled IV/two-stage least squares with AR(1)) | Model (6–7) (Pooled IV/two-stage least squares with cross-section weights and AR(1)) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ln((Close)2) | 0.238*** (25.752) | 0.261*** (21.266) | 0.170*** (24.641) | 0.176*** (20.622) | 0.168*** (16.341) | 0.247*** (24.815) | 0.170*** (23.403) |
Daily_infection | − 0.001*** (− 11.099) | − 0.001*** (− 11.596) | − 0.001*** (− 15.382) | − 0.000** (− 10.233) | − 0.000*** (− 11.445) | 0.000*** (6.268) | 0.000*** (9.059) |
ln(∆Daily_infection2) | − 0.049 (− 1.607) | − 0.049 (− 1.679) | − 0.030 (− 1.396) | − 0.118*** (− 4.014) | − 0.087*** (− 3.041) | − 0.128*** (− 4.698) | − 0.109*** (− 5.949) |
Suspected_infection | − 0.001*** (− 25.497) | − 0.001*** (− 26.649) | − 0.001*** (− 33.982) | − 0.000*** (− 31.875) | − 0.000*** (− 32.101) | − 0.000*** (− 21.222) | − 0.000*** (− 28.236) |
ln((∆Suspected_infection_new)2) | 0.023*** (5.366) | 0.023*** (5.607) | 0.025*** (8.008) | 0.018*** (4.813) | 0.022*** (6.014) | − 0.028*** (− 11.461) | − 0.026*** (− 16.043) |
Death_cases | 0.025*** (8.570) | 0.025*** (8.953) | 0.025*** (12.122) | 0.019*** (7.499) | 0.021*** (6.014) | − 0.013*** (− 13.659) | − 0.012*** (− 19.027) |
ln((∆Death_cases)2) | 0.135 (1.409) | 0.136 (1.486) | 0.018 (0.262) | 0.467*** (5.318) | 0.309*** (3.362) | 0.855*** (16.147) | 0.718*** (20.049) |
Recovery | − 0.002*** (− 9.936) | − 0.002*** (− 10.381) | − 0.001*** (− 13.889) | − 0.001*** (− 9.235) | − 0.001*** (− 10.427) | 0.000*** (9.665) | 0.000*** (13.544) |
ln((∆Recovery)2) | 0.602*** (8.469) | 0.601*** (8.830) | 0.606*** (12.039) | 0.318*** (5.532) | 0.423*** (7.214) | 0.094*** (2.641) | 0.129*** (5.360) |
Total_revenue | − 1.00E−08** (− 2.050) | − 1.04E−08 (− 1.597) | − 8.52E−09** (− 2.077) | − 1.02E−08** (− 2.268) | − 9.46E−09* (− 1.736) | − 6.22E−09 (− 1.182) | − 5.32E−09 (− 1.544) |
ln(Operating_cost) | − 0.108*** (− 10.218) | − 0.109*** (− 7.835) | − 0.102*** (− 13.491) | − 0.112*** (− 11.496) | − 0.108*** (− 9.172) | − 0.101*** (− 8.946) | − 0.094*** (− 12.116) |
Operating_profit | − 7.30E−08*** (− 3.707) | − 7.48E−08*** (− 2.853) | − 9.08E−08*** (− 4.248) | − 7.03E−08*** (− 3.869) | − 6.89E−08*** (− 3.135) | − 8.94E−08*** (− 4.211) | − 1.08E−07** (− 4.964) |
ln(Buy_vol) | 0.149*** (18.886) | 0.159*** (15.229) | 0.146*** (24.862) | 0.123*** (16.973) | 0.122*** (13.946) | 0.157*** (18.530) | 0.151*** (24.766) |
Industry_5 | 0.655*** (7.415) | 0.656*** (5.579) | 0.542*** (8.826) | 0.561*** (6.881) | 0.505*** (5.128) | 0.668*** (7.014) | 0.571*** (8.907) |
Industry_7 | 0.415*** (3.797) | 0.404*** (2.779) | 0.348*** (4.559) | 0.344*** (3.408) | 0.366*** (3.001) | 0.465*** (3.946) | 0.392*** (4.897) |
Industry_8 | − 0.790*** (− 2.958) | − 0.757** (− 2.128) | − 0.376 (− 1.283) | − 0.541** (− 2.194) | − 0.491* (− 1.649) | − 0.931*** (− 3.232) | − 0.455 (− 1.447) |
Industry_9 | − 1.509*** (− 9.162) | − 1.481*** (− 6.747) | − 1.362*** (− 8.133) | − 1.618*** (− 10.642) | − 1.619*** (− 8.804) | − 1.443*** (− 8.124) | − 1.213*** (− 7.469) |
Industry_10 | 0.588*** (4.107) | 0.568*** (2.977) | 0.469*** (4.708) | 0.492*** (3.724) | 0.479*** (2.995) | 0.612*** (3.963) | 0.519*** (4.829) |
Industry_15 | 0.176** (2.159) | 0.175 (1.607) | 0.069 (1.174) | 0.161** (2.137) | 0.133 (1.461) | 0.209** (2.382) | 0.102 (1.634) |
Industry_16 | 0.223** (2.312) | 0.206 (1.604) | 0.131* (1.831) | 0.049 (0.555) | − 0.065 (− 0.601) | 0.247** (2.215) | 0.181** (2.402) |
Industry_19 | 0.235** (2.268) | 0.203 (1.476) | 0.215*** (2.868) | 0.188** (1.967) | 0.181 (1.571) | 0.247** (2.215) | 0.261*** (3.222) |
Industry_21 | 0.519*** (4.904) | 0.469*** (3.328) | 0.486*** (6.410) | 0.374*** (3.829) | 0.367*** (3.107) | 0.569*** (4.992) | 0.576*** (7.044) |
Industry_22 | − 0.627*** (− 2.692) | − 0.624** (− 2.012) | − 1.013*** (− 5.762) | − 0.486** (− 2.262) | − 0.327 (− 1.258) | − 0.494*** (− 2.764) | − 1.069*** (− 6.024) |
Industry_23 | 0.265** (2.327) | 0.246 (1.625) | 0.125 1.559 | 0.359*** (3.385) | 0.385*** (3.029) | 0.279** (2.269) | 0.145* (1.678) |
Industry_26 | − 0.205* (− 1.824) | − 0.197 (− 1.316) | − 0.380*** (− 4.865) | − 0.304*** (− 2.940) | − 0.319** (− 2.551) | − 0.189 (− 1.571) | − 0.370*** (− 4.519) |
Industry_27 | − 0.588*** (− 6.297) | − 0.569*** (− 4.580) | − 0.613*** (− 8.940) | − 0.563*** (− 6.541) | − 0.515*** (− 4.942) | − 0.589*** (− 5.864) | − 0.577*** (− 8.179) |
Industry_28 | − 0.711*** (− 7.474) | − 0.687*** (− 5.419) | − 0.656*** (− 8.629) | − 0.823*** (− 9.376) | − 0.778*** (− 7.329) | − 0.718*** (− 6.994) | − 0.629*** (− 7.866) |
Industry_29 | 0.577*** (4.036) | 0.565*** (2.968) | 0.423** (4.615) | 0.516*** (3.908) | 0.460** (2.886) | 0.618*** (− 6.994) | 0.489*** (4.782) |
Industry_34 | 0.332* (1.928) | 0.357 (1.554) | 0.202* (1.677) | 0.281* (1.765) | 0.347** (1.804) | 0.381** (2.044) | 0.248** (2.004) |
Industry_36 | − 1.034*** (− 6.550) | − 1.006*** (− 4.787) | − 0.776*** (− 6.350) | − 0.795*** (− 5.458) | − 0.542*** (− 3.078) | − 1.124*** (− 6.604) | − 0.822*** (− 6.333) |
Industry_37 | − 0.754*** (− 5.139) | − 0.728*** (− 3.724) | − 0.883*** (− 8.155) | − 0.769*** (− 5.681) | − 0.733*** (− 4.475) | − 0.678*** (− 4.286) | − 0.774*** (− 7.489) |
Industry_38 | − 0.783*** (− 5.764) | − 0.766*** (− 4.232) | − 0.901** (− 9.129) | − 0.723** (− 5.769) | − 0.659*** (− 4.347) | − 0.813*** (− 5.547) | − 0.903*** (− 9.330) |
Industry_41 | 0.392*** (2.703) | 0.364* (1.884) | 0.272*** (2.709) | 0.191 (1.425) | 0.048 (0.295) | 0.432*** (2.754) | 0.345*** (3.348) |
Industry_42 | − 1.001*** (− 9.028) | − 0.975*** (− 6.602) | − 0.814*** (− 9.052) | − 0.958*** (− 9.366) | − 0.879*** (− 7.107) | − 0.956*** (− 7.998) | − 0.773*** (− 8.474) |
Industry_43 | 0.324*** (2.775) | 0.289* (1.857) | 0.234*** (2.922) | 0.329*** (3.058) | 0.399*** (3.062) | 0.347*** (2.759) | 0.299*** (3.571) |
Industry_46 | − 0.935*** (− 3.841) | − 0.924** (− 2.851) | − 0.609** (− 2.946) | − 0.899*** (− 4.004) | − 0.821*** (− 3.021) | − 0.882*** (− 3.359) | − 0.569*** (− 2.731) |
Industry_47 | 0.556*** (3.076) | 0.558** (2.320) | 0.459*** (3.854) | 0.541*** (3.245) | 0.552*** (2.737) | 0.625*** (3.211) | 0.540*** (4.196) |
Industry_50 | 0.566** (2.325) | 0.575* (1.774) | 0.506*** (2.670) | 0.604*** (2.693) | 0.590** (2.174) | 0.547** (2.085) | 0.533*** (2.726) |
Industry_51 | 0.687*** (8.213) | 0.656*** (5.886) | 0.641*** (10.969) | 0.583*** (7.552) | 0.567*** (6.065) | 0.739*** (8.199) | 0.729*** (11.794) |
Industry_52 | 0.840*** (6.422) | 0.821*** (4.712) | 0.585*** (6.785) | 0.705*** (5.839) | 0.677*** (4.635) | 0.889*** (6.299) | 0.649*** (7.145) |
Industry_53 | − 0.525*** (− 3.839) | − 0.541*** (− 2.975) | − 0.547*** (− 4.996) | − 0.356*** (− 2.826) | − 0.274* (− 1.795) | − 0.456*** (− 3.098) | − 0.447*** (− 3.849) |
Industry_54 | − 0.497*** (− 2.903) | − 0.467** (− 2.051) | − 0.398*** (− 2.729) | − 0.482*** (− 3.057) | − 0.408** (− 2.138) | − 0.523*** (− 2.837) | − 0.372** (− 2.438) |
Industry_55 | 0.588*** (4.011) | 0.567*** (2.901) | 0.614*** (5.891) | 0.509*** (3.760) | 0.482*** (2.945) | 0.667*** (4.218) | 0.700*** (6.479) |
Industry_56 | 0.598*** (6.081) | 0.578*** (4.413) | 0.450*** (6.530) | 0.555*** (6.115) | 0.599*** (5.465) | 0.609*** (5.738) | 0.483*** (6.562) |
Industry_58 | − 0.574*** (− 3.105) | − 0.556** (− 2.258) | − 0.574*** (− 3.731) | − 0.484*** (− 2.838) | − 0.371* (− 1.797) | − 0.558*** (− 2.801) | − 0.537*** (− 3.304) |
Industry_60 | − 0.416** (− 2.041) | − 0.399 (− 1.467) | − 0.434*** (− 2.687) | − 0.360* (− 1.912) | − 0.294 (− 1.293) | − 0.479** (− 2.181) | − 0.497*** (− 2.933) |
Industry_61 | − 0.612*** (− 4.036) | − 0.585*** (− 2.895) | − 0.594*** (− 5.574) | − 0.645*** (− 4.612) | − 0.560*** (− 3.311) | − 0.590*** (− 3.609) | − 0.595*** (− 5.312) |
Industry_62 | − 1.003*** (− 6.226) | − 0.988*** (− 4.604) | − 1.139*** (− 10.934) | − 0.925*** (− 6.221) | − 0.803*** (− 4.466) | − 1.018*** (− 5.858) | − 1.162*** (− 10.686) |
Industry_63 | − 0.351*** (− 3.217) | − 0.329** (− 2.271) | − 0.387*** (− 4.694) | − 0.302*** (− 3.002) | − 0.245** (− 2.018) | − 0.358*** (− 3.050) | − 0.367*** (− 4.366) |
Industry_66 | − 1.125*** (− 8.275) | − 1.138*** (− 6.285) | − 0.998*** (− 9.351) | − 1.074*** (− 8.559) | − 1.003*** (− 6.612) | − 1.120*** (− 7.645) | 0.054*** (12.579) |
AR(1) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.045*** (10.213) | 0.054*** (12.579) |
Random effect (cross) | Â | Yes | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Adjusted R2 | 0.082 | 0.061 | 0.117 | 0.112 | 0.090 | 0.101 | 0.152 |