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Table 5 Empirical estimation results with dependent variable ln((Pct_chg)2) of pooled or panel least square with or without AR(1) term with complete theoretical guidance (n = 60,144)

From: Pandemic or panic? A firm-level study on the psychological and industrial impacts of COVID-19 on the Chinese stock market

 

Model (5–1)

(Pooled least squares)

Model (5–2)

(Cross-section random effects)

Model (5–3)

(Cross-section weights)

Model (5–4)

(Period weights)

Model (5–5)

(Period SUR)

Model (5–6)

(Pooled least squares with AR(1))

Model (5–7)

(Cross-section weights with AR(1))

ln((Close)2)

0.235***

(25.978)

0.254***

(21.598)

0.164***

(24.739)

0.177***

(20.876)

0.168***

(16.306)

0.246***

(24.736)

0.169***

(23.246)

Daily_infection

− 1.49E−05

(− 0.945)

− 1.51E−05

(− 0.996)

− 2.34E−05**

(− 2.157)

− 3.43E−05**

(− 2.150)

− 4.88E−05

(− 3.279)

5.44E−05***

(2.777)

5.82E−05***

(4.378)

ln(∆Daily_infection2)

0.091***

(2.582)

0.091***

(2.685)

0.105***

(4.337)

0.102***

(2.826)

0.104***

(2.927)

0.062*

(1.752)

0.064***

(2.668)

Suspected_infection

− 0.000***

(− 33.811)

− 0.000***

(− 35.152)

− 0.000***

(− 46.005)

− 0.000***

(− 43.731)

− 0.000***

(− 43.146)

− 0.000***

(− 19.818)

− 0.000***

(− 26.181)

ln((∆Suspected_infection_new)2)

0.023***

(2.959)

0.023***

(3.079)

0.024***

(4.495)

0.039***

(5.168)

0.036***

(5.049)

− 0.003

(− 0.388)

− 0.008

(− 1.313)

ICU_patients

0.000***

(12.227)

0.000***

(12.696)

0.000***

(17.467)

0.000***

(10.443)

0.000***

(11.104)

0.000***

(10.779)

0.000***

(15.095)

ln((∆ICU_patients_new)2)

− 0.055***

(− 6.115)

− 0.055***

(− 6.355)

− 0.053***

(− 8.563)

− 0.072***

(− 7.891)

− 0.066***

(− 7.608)

− 0.029***

(− 3.049)

− 0.023***

(− 3.494)

Death_cases

− 0.009

(− 11.660)

− 0.009

(− 12.102)

− 0.008***

(− 15.112)

− 0.009***

(− 10.205)

− 0.008***

(− 9.604)

− 0.012***

(− 13.024)

− 0.011***

(− 18.265)

ln((∆Death_cases)2)

0.772***

(12.361)

0.773***

(12.845)

0.632***

(14.677)

0.734***

(11.831)

0.712***

(11.287)

0.779***

(12.457)

0.661***

(15.612)

Recovery

0.000***

(9.244)

0.000***

(9.589)

0.000***

(12.040)

0.000***

(7.429)

0.000***

(6.812)

0.000***

(10.804)

0.000***

(15.612)

ln((∆Recovery)2)

− 0.050

(− 1.241)

− 0.051

(− 1.298)

− 0.016

(− 0.566)

0.016

(0.429)

0.014

(0.405)

− 0.019

(− 0.454)

0.014

(0.516)

Total_revenue

− 9.97E−09***

(− 2.082)

− 1.03E−08***

(− 1.649)

− 8.55E−09**

(− 2.153)

− 1.01E−08**

(− 2.261)

− 9.42E−09*

(− 1.725)

− 6.21E−09

(− 1.178)

− 5.29E−09

(− 1.507)

ln(Operating_cost)

− 0.107***

(− 10.388)

− 0.109***

(− 8.129)

− 0.101***

(− 14.053)

− 0.111***

(− 11.538)

− 0.107***

(− 9.121)

− 0.101***

(− 8.929)

− 0.094***

(− 12.039)

Operating_profit

− 7.28E−08***

(− 3.767)

− 7.42E−08***

(− 2.957)

− 8.74E−08***

(− 4.204)

− 7.02E−08***

(− 3.889)

− 6.96E−08***

(− 3.163)

− 8.94E−08***

(− 4.206)

− 1.09E−07**

(− 4.967)

ln(Buy_vol)

0.147**

(19.098)

0.156***

(15.568)

0.551***

(9.512)

0.124***

(17.105)

0.123***

(13.926)

0.668***

(7.007)

0.152***

(24.806)

Industry_5

0.655***

(7.554)

0.656***

(5.823)

− 0.176*

(− 1.876)

0.575***

(7.091)

0.507***

(5.136)

0.465***

(3.946)

0.574***

(9.018)

Industry_7

0.416***

(3.879)

0.408***

(2.925)

0.369***

(5.031)

0.345***

(3.439)

0.364***

(2.977)

− 0.932***

(− 3.234)

− 0.191**

(− 1.918)

Industry_8

− 0.794***

(− 3.028)

− 0.767**

(− 2.253)

 

− 0.548**

(− 2.235)

 

− 0.932***

(− 3.234)

0.392***

(4.894)

Industry_9

− 1.513***

(− 9.354)

− 1.489***

(− 7.089)

− 1.301***

(− 8.246)

− 1.597***

(− 10.559)

− 1.601***

(− 8.691)

− 1.444***

(− 8.119)

− 1.208***

(− 7.289)

Industry_10

0.590***

(4.200)

0.574***

(3.144)

0.505***

(5.143)

0.496***

(3.771)

0.474***

(2.961)

0.613***

(3.964)

0.532***

(4.936)

Industry_15

0.177**

(2.202)

0.175*

(1.683)

 

0.158**

(2.100)

 

0.209**

(2.379)

0.105*

(1.688)

Industry_16

0.225**

(2.375)

0.211*

(1.718)

0.141**

(2.059)

  

0.247**

(2.376)

0.176**

(2.449)

Industry_19

0.238***

(2.343)

 

0.241***

(3.299)

0.196**

(2.068)

 

0.248**

(2.221)

0.264***

(3.257)

Industry_21

0.524***

(5.047)

0.484***

(3.591)

0.525***

(7.094)

0.379***

(3.905)

0.363***

(3.068)

0.571***

(5.001)

0.586***

(7.132)

Industry_22

− 0.627***

(− 2.744)

− 0.625**

(− 2.105)

− 1.029***

(− 6.274)

− 0.502**

(− 2.351)

0.379***

(2.976)

− 0.694***

(− 2.761)

− 1.068***

(− 5.909)

Industry_23

0.267**

(2.385)

0.252*

(1.734)

0.131*

(1.681)

0.343***

(3.276)

− 0.319**

(− 2.546)

0.279**

(2.269)

0.148*

(1.723)

Industry_26

− 0.205*

(− 1.867)

 

− 0.365***

(− 4.907)

− 0.300***

(− 2.919)

− 0.319**

(− 2.546)

 

− 0.368***

(− 4.498)

Industry_27

− 0.589***

(− 6.437)

− 0.575***

(− 4.831)

− 0.583*

(− 8.891)

− 0.562***

(− 6.559)

− 0.514***

(− 4.922)

− 0.590***

(− 5.864)

− 0.574***

(− 8.145)

Industry_28

− 0.714***

(− 7.644)

− 0.694***

(− 5.723)

− 0.634***

(− 8.891)

− 0.824***

(− 9.438)

− 0.778***

(− 7.313)

− 0.718***

(− 6.993)

− 0.621***

(− 7.677)

Industry_29

0.579***

(4.122)

0.569***

(3.120)

0.442***

(4.761)

0.505***

(3.847)

0.459***

(2.869)

0.618***

(4.004)

0.492***

(4.792)

Industry_31

  

− 0.201***

(− 2.663)

− 0.202**

(− 2.092)

− 0.289**

(− 2.037)

 

− 0.153*

(− 1.841)

Industry_34

0.330*

(1.953)

 

0.199**

(1.701)

0.277*

(1.753)

0.346*

(1.798)

 

0.244*

(1.960)

Industry_36

− 1.037***

(− 6.693)

− 1.015***

(− 5.042)

− 0.759***

(− 6.339)

− 0.802***

(− 5.541)

− 0.551***

(− 3.123)

− 1.124***

(− 6.602)

− 0.819***

(− 6.253)

Industry_37

− 0.757***

(− 5.256)

− 0.736***

(− 3.933)

− 0.849***

(− 8.504)

− 0.763***

(− 5.661)

− 0.722***

(− 4.401)

− 0.679***

(− 4.285)

− 0.769***

(− 7.432)

Industry_38

− 0.785***

(− 5.887)

− 0.771***

(− 4.451)

− 0.894***

(− 9.921)

− 0.721***

(− 5.781)

− 0.661***

(− 4.353)

− 0.813***

(− 5.545)

− 0.902***

(− 9.297)

Industry_42

− 1.004***

(− 9.224)

− 0.983***

(− 6.952)

− 0.809***

(− 9.501)

− 0.959***

(− 9.429)

− 0.876***

(− 7.066)

− 0.957***

(− 7.995)

0.350***

(3.414)

Industry_43

0.328***

(2.859)

0.299**

(2.013)

0.274***

(3.543)

0.333***

(3.107)

0.391***

(2.998)

0.348***

(2.766)

0.306***

(3.628)

Industry_46

0.453***

(2.908)

− 0.928***

(− 2.988)

− 0.565***

(− 2.899)

− 0.894***

(− 4.001)

− 0.820***

(− 3.013)

− 0.882***

(− 3.356)

− 0.554***

(− 2.651)

Industry_47

0.555***

(3.133)

0.557**

(2.419)

0.486***

(4.178)

0.534***

(3.224)

0.556***

(2.755)

0.625**

(3.208)

0.559***

(4.365)

Industry_50

0.565**

(2.365)

0.572*

(1.844)

0.503***

(2.817)

0.593***

(2.658)

0.603**

(2.216)

0.271*

(1.647)

0.535***

(2.721)

Industry_51

0.691***

(8.408)

0.666***

(6.239)

0.667***

(11.864)

0.592***

(7.709)

0.564***

(6.027)

0.741***

(8.202)

0.732***

(11.871)

Industry_52

0.842***

(6.559)

0.827***

(4.957)

0.608***

(7.442)

0.592***

(7.709)

0.675***

(4.612)

0.889***

(6.299)

0.656***

(7.231)

Industry_53

− 0.523***

(− 3.899)

− 0.536**

(− 3.077)

− 0.509***

(− 4.790)

− 0.348***

(− 2.773)

− 0.279*

(− 1.827)

− 0.456***

(− 3.093)

− 0.443***

(− 3.754)

Industry_54

− 0.499***

(− 2.976)

− 0.476**

(− 2.184)

− 0.384***

(− 2.764)

− 0.485***

(− 3.391)

− 0.416**

(− 2.175)

− 0.524***

(− 2.839)

− 0.378**

(− 2.484)

Industry_55

0.591***

(4.102)

0.574***

(3.065)

0.619***

(6.328)

0.519***

(3.859)

0.483***

(2.947)

0.668***

(4.219)

0.702***

(6.531)

Industry_56

0.600***

(6.219)

0.584***

(4.660)

0.476***

(7.112)

0.551***

(6.103)

0.593***

(5.394)

0.609***

(5.742)

0.488***

(6.581)

Industry_58

− 0.576***

(− 3.174)

− 0.561**

(− 3.067)

− 0.541***

(− 3.630)

 

− 0.376*

(− 1.819)

− 0.558***

(− 2.799)

− 0.539***

(− 3.269)

Industry_60

− 0.418**

(− 2.089)

 

− 0.440***

(− 2.861)

− 0.355*

(− 1.895)

 

− 0.480**

(− 2.181)

− 0.506***

(− 2.969)

Industry_61

− 0.615***

(− 4.132)

− 0.593***

(− 3.067)

− 0.620***

(− 5.955)

− 0.637***

(− 4.581)

− 0.563***

(− 3.323)

− 0.591***

(− 3.610)

− 0.608***

(− 5.421)

Industry_62

− 1.005***

(− 6.354)

− 0.993***

(− 4.831)

− 1.157***

(− 11.701)

− 0.923***

(− 6.246)

− 0.817***

(− 4.534)

− 0.359***

(− 3.052)

− 1.162***

(− 10.533)

Industry_63

− 0.353***

(− 3.298)

− 0.336**

(− 2.419)

− 0.371***

(− 4.764)

− 0.298***

(− 2.983)

− 0.239*

(− 1.958)

− 0.359***

(− 3.052)

− 0.359***

(− 4.258)

Industry_66

− 1.123***

(− 8.421)

− 1.134***

(− 6.540)

− 0.982***

(− 9.668)

− 1.065***

(− 8.541)

− 0.993***

(− 6.534)

− 1.119***

(− 7.636)

 

AR(1)

     

0.047***

(10.629)

0.058***

(13.317)

Random effect (cross)

 

Yes

     

Adjusted R2

0.116

0.099

0.173

0.128

0.101

0.103

0.156

  1. The values of the constant terms are not reported. t statistics in parentheses. For industrial variables, only those who are statistically significant are reported in the table
  2. ***p ≤ 0.01, **0.01 < p < 0.05, *0.05 < p < 0.1