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Table 1 Examples of NVAT tax rate, where \(\%F\) is the variation in fundamentals between two trades, \(\%P\) is the percentage price variation between two profitable trades

From: Non-Value-Added Tax to improve market fairness and quality

Ratios

VRR (Value Recovery Ratio)

Tax Tier 1

Tax Tier 2

Tax Tier 3

Tax Tier 4

Regime 1

 VRR

\(\%F/\%P\)

0 to 0.10

0.11 to 0.66

0.67 to 1.00

1.01 to 19.0+

 NVAT rate

 

75%

25%

15%

0%

Regime 2

 VRR

\(\%F/\%P\)

0 to 0.05

0.06 to 0.25

0.26 to 2.00

2.01 to 19.0+

 NVAT rate

 

90%

75%

25%

5%

Regime 3

 VRR

\(\%F/\%P\)

0 to 0.05

0.06 to 0.25

0.26 to 2.00

2.01 to 19.0+

 NVAT rate

 

50%

40%

20%

10%

  1. The NVAT is applied only to the total profit that is not supported by fundamental information. We compute the profitability of the trade: buy low and sell high (as margin and short selling is not allowed) \(\bigtriangleup _P = V_k(P_k-P_l)\) (dollar volume variation) where \(V_k\) is the volume sold at the moment k at price \(P_k\) and initially bought at price \(P_l\) at the moment l, then we compare this profit to the variation in the fundamental value between these two points of time \(\bigtriangleup _F = V_k(F_k-F_l)\). If \(\bigtriangleup _P> \bigtriangleup _F\) it means that an agent was able to realize an extra profit not supported by fundamental information