Table 2 Measurement items

Perceived ease of use (PEoU)

[PEoU1] I find e-cash to be easy to use

[PEoU2] Interacting with E-cash does not require a lot of my mental effort

[PEoU3] Learning to use E-cash would be easy for me

[PEoU4] I find it easy to use E-cash

[PEoU5] It would be easy for me to become skillful at using E-cash

Davis (1989)

Venkatesh et al. (2003)

Perceived security (PS)

[PS1] I feel secure using E-Cash

[PS2] I believe that using E-cash is secure

[PS3] I think that it is secure to use E-cash

Yenisey et al. (2005)

Attitude to e-cash (A)

[A1] I think that using E-cash is a good idea

[A2] In my opinion, using E-cash is beneficial to me

[A3] I have positive perception about using E-cash

[A4] I believe that using E-cash is a good idea

[A5] I feel that using E-cash is beneficial to me

Shin and Kim (2008)

Shin (2009)

Social influence (SI)

[SI1] People who are important to me think that I should use E-cash

[SI2] People who are familiar with me think that I should use E-cash

[SI3] People who influence my behavior think that I should use E-cash

[SI4] Most people surrounding with me use E-cash

Foon and Fah (2011)

Venkatesh et al. (2003)

Cost of use (Cost)

[Cost1] I think using E-cash is costly

[Cost2] I believe using E-cash costs a lot

[Cost3] In my opinion, It is expensive to use E-cash

Karrar et al. (2019)

Perceived government policy (GP)

[GP1] I think the government policy encourage me to use e-cash

[GP2] I believe using E-cash is encouraged by the government policy

[GP3] In my opinion, the government policy is beneficial to using E-cash

Government has strong credibility and ability to allocate resources. Feeling support from government policy could bring confidence to individuals

Perceived usefulness (PU)

[PU1] I believe E-cash to be useful in my life

[PU2] I think E-cash to is beneficial to me

[PU3] I find e-cash to be useful in my life

Davis (1989), Venkatesh et al. (2003)

E-cash usage

Intentions

(Intention)

[Intention1] Given the opportunity, I will use E-Cash

[Intention2] I am willing to continuously use E-Cash

[Intention3] I am open to using E-Cash

[Intention4] I intend to continuously use E-Cash