Table 4 Period averages of original and bias-corrected technical efficiency measures
Year | Input-oriented | RAM | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TE | Bias | BC_TE | Std | Low | Up | TE | Bias | BC_TE | Std | Low | Up | |
1995 | 96.0 | 8.4 | 87.6 | 6.2 | 75.3 | 95.3 | 98.8 | − 0.3 | 99.1 | 1.9 | 95.7 | 103.8 |
1996 | 94.0 | 6.3 | 87.7 | 4.7 | 77.7 | 93.4 | 98.0 | − 0.5 | 98.5 | 1.9 | 95.3 | 102.4 |
1997 | 89.2 | 5.0 | 84.2 | 3.4 | 76.2 | 88.6 | 95.0 | 0.7 | 94.3 | 1.3 | 92.2 | 97.5 |
1998 | 89.1 | 4.5 | 84.6 | 3.1 | 77.8 | 88.5 | 94.8 | 1.0 | 93.8 | 1.5 | 91.0 | 97.6 |
1999 | 89.3 | 5.0 | 84.3 | 3.7 | 76.6 | 88.7 | 93.8 | 1.3 | 92.5 | 1.4 | 90.0 | 95.7 |
2000 | 89.7 | 4.1 | 85.6 | 2.4 | 80.4 | 89.1 | 94.7 | 0.4 | 94.3 | 1.6 | 91.2 | 97.8 |
2001 | 89.3 | 3.7 | 85.5 | 1.9 | 81.9 | 88.7 | 92.8 | 1.7 | 91.1 | 1.3 | 88.9 | 94.6 |
2002 | 88.7 | 3.0 | 85.6 | 1.6 | 82.4 | 88.1 | 92.8 | 2.5 | 90.2 | 1.9 | 86.8 | 94.3 |
2003 | 85.9 | 3.2 | 82.8 | 1.6 | 79.7 | 85.4 | 91.7 | 2.4 | 89.3 | 1.1 | 87.3 | 91.6 |
2004 | 84.9 | 3.1 | 81.8 | 1.5 | 78.8 | 84.3 | 90.9 | 1.9 | 89.0 | 1.0 | 87.0 | 91.5 |
2005 | 83.4 | 2.9 | 80.5 | 1.4 | 77.8 | 82.8 | 90.4 | 1.7 | 88.7 | 1.0 | 86.8 | 91.0 |
2006 | 83.8 | 2.9 | 80.9 | 1.4 | 78.3 | 83.3 | 90.2 | 1.6 | 88.6 | 1.1 | 86.7 | 91.1 |
2007 | 85.4 | 3.5 | 81.9 | 2.0 | 77.8 | 84.8 | 90.9 | 2.0 | 88.8 | 1.5 | 85.7 | 91.7 |
2008 | 87.4 | 4.7 | 82.8 | 3.2 | 75.9 | 86.9 | 91.7 | 2.3 | 89.4 | 2.2 | 85.7 | 94.5 |
2009 | 88.4 | 5.0 | 83.4 | 3.8 | 74.5 | 87.8 | 91.3 | 2.3 | 89.1 | 2.4 | 84.9 | 94.0 |
2010 | 90.1 | 3.7 | 86.5 | 2.3 | 81.0 | 89.5 | 91.6 | 2.3 | 89.4 | 2.3 | 85.2 | 93.5 |
2011 | 91.1 | 4.0 | 87.1 | 2.4 | 82.3 | 90.5 | 91.0 | 2.3 | 88.7 | 2.8 | 83.2 | 93.6 |
2012 | 92.3 | 5.4 | 86.9 | 3.7 | 79.2 | 91.8 | 92.8 | 2.4 | 90.4 | 3.2 | 84.4 | 94.7 |
2013 | 91.3 | 6.4 | 84.9 | 4.9 | 74.3 | 90.8 | 94.0 | 1.7 | 92.3 | 3.5 | 84.9 | 97.7 |
2014 | 89.3 | 5.0 | 84.4 | 3.3 | 77.9 | 88.7 | 92.3 | 2.5 | 89.8 | 2.5 | 84.0 | 93.5 |
2015 | 92.3 | 5.0 | 87.3 | 3.7 | 78.6 | 91.7 | 93.8 | 2.4 | 91.4 | 2.1 | 87.3 | 95.7 |
2016 | 95.4 | 6.6 | 88.8 | 5.1 | 76.8 | 94.8 | 95.9 | 2.9 | 92.9 | 3.7 | 85.1 | 100.3 |
2017 | 98.1 | 9.7 | 88.4 | 8.2 | 70.2 | 97.5 | 98.6 | 3.1 | 95.6 | 5.6 | 84.8 | 105.0 |