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Table 3 Results of the test for unit roots in the presence of a possible break in trend and non-stationary volatility

From: Co-movement of commodity price indexes and energy price index: a wavelet coherence approach

 

MZa

MZa c.v

MSB

MSB c.v

MZt

MZt c.v

t(taubar)

c.v

Panel A: Unit-root tests in levels

EPI

− 12.790

− 23.366

0.192

0.145

− 2.453

− 3.399

− 2.408

− 3.505

API

− 10.458

− 19.552

0.215

0.159

− 2.246

− 3.106

− 2.236

− 3.182

IPI

− 7.812

− 22.709

0.249

0.146

− 1.948

− 3.364

− 1.922

− 3.466

MPI

− 5.522

− 21.920

0.300

0.150

− 1.658

− 3.289

− 1.642

− 3.384

Panel B: Unit-root test in first differences

EPI

− 123.572

− 25.857

0.064

0.136

− 7.859

− 3.508

− 9.153

− 3.352

API

− 129.303

− 24.170

0.062

0.142

− 8.035

− 3.443

− 9.592

− 2.936

IPI

− 41.975

− 26.526

0.109

0.134

− 3.577

− 3.615

− 4.257

− 3.492

MPI

− 22.224

− 24.787

0.150

0.141

− 3.324

− 3.513

− 3.434

− 3.293

  1. c.v. represents critical value