Extreme learning with chemical reaction optimization for stock volatility prediction

Financial Innovation

Table 3 Performance of forecasting models on daily volatility forecasting

Forecasting Model	Error Statistic	MAPE		ARV
Forecasting Model	Error Statistic	Training	Testing	Training	Testing
ELCRO	Minimum	0.000682	0.000293	0.000213	0.000215
	Maximum	0.054502	0.032422	0.037510	0.053958
	Average	0.016055	0.021531	0.031292	0.033505
	Std. Deviation	0.002815	0.024435	0.003827	0.015142
PSO-ELM	Minimum	0.000457	0.000459	0.000150	0.000420
	Maximum	0.076255	0.069250	0.063950	0.115150
	Average	0.020261	0.027300	0.037146	0.038937
	Std. Deviation	0.015101	0.020562	0.011184	0.045143
GA-ELM	Minimum	0.000845	0.000458	0.000455	0.000388
	Maximum	0.027358	0.035755	0.095250	0.243922
	Average	0.02705	0.032785	0.038414	0.049606
	Std. Deviation	0.003221	0.004069	0.024636	0.050927
GD-ELM	Minimum	0.000835	0.004152	0.000503	0.001055
	Maximum	0.079250	0.078250	0.117950	0.098250
	Average	0.032006	0.036507	0.063989	0.071317
	Std. Deviation	0.025581	0.015374	0.031247	0.010009