Table 1 Presentation of regions with corresponding balanced panels

ECOWAS (CDEAO)

Economic Community of West African States. (15)

Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde(1976), Côte d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Mauritania(2000). (5/1975)

N/A

UEMOA

West African Economic and Monetary Union(8)

Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau (5/1997) ^a, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Togo. (1/1994)

(80–08)/(94–08)

ECCAS (UDEAC)^b

Economic Community of Central African States(11)

Angola(1999)^a, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, D.R. Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Rwanda, Sao Tomé and Principe. (1985)

(90–08)/(99–08)

CEMAC

Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa(6)

Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon. (1999)

(90–08)/(99–08)

Franc ZONE

CEMAC plus UEMOA (14)

Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Togo(9/1939)

N/A

SADC

South African Development Community (15)

Angola, Botswana, D.R Congo(1997)^a, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius(1995)^a, Mozambique, Namibia (1990)^a, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa(1990)^a, Seychelles(2004–2007^a) and Madagascar(2005)^a (1980)

N/A

SACU

South Africa Customs Union(4)

South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland. (1970)

N/A

EAC

East African Community (5)

Burundi (2007), Kenya, Rwanda (2007), Tanzania and Uganda. (2001)

(90–08)/(02–08)

COMESA

Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (19)

Burundi, Comoros, D.R Congo, Djibouti, Egypt(1999)^a, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya(2006)^a, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles(2001)^a, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.(1994)

(80–08)/(95–08)

IGAD

Intergovernmental Authority on Development (7)

Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea (1993)^a, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda. (1986)

N/A

UMA

Arab Maghreb Union (5)

Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Mauritania (1989)

N/A