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Table 4 Bounds test for the existence of Co-Integration

From: The relationship between energy consumption, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Pakistan

Dependent variables

F-Statistics

Outcomes

FCO2(CO2|PCI, COLCNM, NTGCNM, OLCNM)

5.2017

Co-integration

FPCI (PCI|CO2, COLCNM, NTGCNM, OLCNM)

11.2702

Co-integration

FCOLCNM (COLCNM|CO2, PCI, NTGCNM, OLCNM)

14.0254

Co-integration

FNTGCNM (NTGCNM|CO2, PCI, COLCNM, OLCNM)

6.6677

Co-integration

FOLCNM (OLCNM|CO2, PCI, COLCNM, NTGCNM)

3.6615

Inconclusive

Critical Bounds Values

Significance

I(0) Bound

I(1) Bound

10%

2.45

3.52

5%

2.86

4.01

2.5%

3.25

4.49

1%

3.74

5.06