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Financial Innovation

Table 1 Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) and Phillips–Perron (PP) unit root tests

From: Savings, investment, and growth in Nepal: an empirical analysis

Variables

Level

First difference

ADF

PP

ADF

PP

InGPC

0.967

1.654

−7.468a

−7.580a

InGDS

−1.580

−1.580

−4.863a

−4.864a

InINV

0.533

0.660

−7.946a

−7.858a

  1. Note: The optimal lag order for ADF and bandwidth for PP unit root tests are determined using the Schwarz information criterion (SIC) and Bartlett kernel, respectively. InGPC, InGDS, and InINV stand for logarithm of real GDP per capita, gross domestic savings, and investment, respectively. The null hypotheses of the ADF and PP tests refer to the existence of a unit root
  2. asignificant at the 1% level
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