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Table 7 Econometric results for the error correction model

From: Do migrant remittances matter for financial development in Kenya?

Independent variables××

Coefficient (The dependent variable is Δ in credit to the private sector to GDP)

Coefficient (The dependent variable is Δ in the value of mobile transactions)

Coefficient (The dependent variable is in number of mobile transactions)

Coefficient (Δ in the number of bank accounts)

ΔRGDP

0.1350 (2.81)***

  

0.0402 (1.03)

ΔRGDPt − 1

 

2.3510 (1.81)*

  

ΔER

0.3030 (3.16)***

  

−0.0511(− 0.62)

ΔERt − 1

  

−3.2015(− 2.44)**

 

ΔRem

−0.0497(− 1.75)*

−0.3592(− 0.8108)

−1.8052(− 3.55)***

 

ΔRemt − 1

  

−1.9484(− 3.20)***

0.0440 (2.01)**

ΔRemt − 2

−0.0542 (2.26)**

 

−1.1626(−2.29)***

 

ΔTopen

1.0226 (3.52)***

10.3785 (2.74)***

6.0101 (2.09)**

0.5069 (2.09)**

ΔTopent − 1

 

7.6800 (2.11)**

  

ΔTopent − 2

0.4713 (2.92)***

7.2356 (1.92)*

  

ΔCPI

   

−0.0002(− 0.23)

ΔCPIt − 1

 

− 0.0355(− 1.62)

  

ΔCPIt − 2

−0.3348(− 21.65)

   

ECM

−0.1117(−2.47)***

− 0.3977(− 5.72)***

−0.3950(− 5.18)***

−0.0947(− 2.13)**

R 2

0.50

0.56

0.65

0.25

  1. For all the coefficients the t-statistics are in parenthesis; *, **, *** denote 10%, 5% and 1% significance levels, respectively. × × RGDP GDP, Int deposit interest rate, CPI inflation, ER Exchange rate, Topen trade openness, Rem total remittances