Table 7 Pedroni panel co-integration test result
From: Has expansion of mobile phone and internet use spurred financial inclusion in the SAARC countries?
Test | FI, MOB, and INT | FI and MOB | FI and INT | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Without Trend | With Trend | Without Trend | With Trend | Without Trend | With Trend | |
Panel v-stat | 0.988 | − 1.004 | 6.157c | 4.281c | 0.608 | −1.961b |
Panel rho-stat | −0.794 | 0.280 | −2.900c | 0.141 | −0.747 | 1.082 |
Panel PP-stat | −3.902c | −4.983c | −4.657c | −2.745c | −2.150b | −2.764c |
Panel ADF-stat | −4.062c | − 5.000c | −5.380c | −2.991c | −2.723c | −2.858b |
Group rho-stat | 1.900 | 2.490 | 0.835 | 1.765 | 1.835 | 2.030 |
Group PP-stat | −1.410a | − 1.576 | − 1.451a | − 3.648c | 0.612 | −3.223c |
Group ADF-stat | −1.820b | −3.441c | −2.056b | −3.930c | −1.268 | −2.714c |