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Table 1 Variable Definitions with Their Expected Signs

From: Financial innovation and economic growth in Bangladesh

Variables

Definition

Expected sign

GDPPC

Par Capital Economic Growth Rate: The Percentage change in per capita GDP, used as our indicator of economic growth.

 

INF

Inflation Rate: Measured in percentage change in the CPI.

Negative

DCB

Domestic Credit to Private Sector: Measures as total financial support to private sector by financial institution through trade credit, loans and other account receivables as a percentage of GDP

Positive

TO

Trade Openness: Measured as total trade (exports plus imports) as a percentage of GDP, used to gauge how open the economy is.

Positive

GCF

Gross Fixed Capital Formation: Measures net physical assets increase in the economy as a percentage of GDP

Positive

M2/M1

Broad- to- Narrow Money: Measures the demand for real cash balance as well as interest and income elasticities of money demand as a percentage of GDP.

Positive/Negative

GEXP

Government Final Consumption Expenditure: Measured as a percentage of GDP to capture the degree of government involvement in the economy.

Negative

  1. Note 1: All monetary measures are in real US dollars
  2. Note 2: All the variables above are defined in the World Development Indicator and World Economic Outlook published by World Bank and IMF
  3. Note 3: We use the natural log of those variables in our estimation