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Table 6 Granger Causality Test Results for the Short run

From: Insurance market density and economic growth in Eurozone countries: the granger causality approach

 

Possible Granger Causalities

    

Granger Causality

Countries

GDP vs. LID

GDP vs. NID

GDP vs. TID

Inferences

Austria

1.70/ 1.48

1.17/ 3.46**

1.15/ 2.74

NLH1, DFH2, NLH3

Belgium

5.90**/ 0.50

1.23/ 0.78

3.20**/ 0.71

SLH1, NLH2, SLH3

Cyprus

4.83**/ 0.12

7.89**/ 2.05

5.84**/ 0.10

SLH1, SLH2, SLH3

Estonia

12.1**/ 0.34

7.20**/ 17.1**

15.9**/ 1.88

SLH1, FBH2, SLH3

Finland

3.81**/2.68

5.04**/ 5.83**

4.40**/ 3.01**

SLH1, FBH2, FBH3

France

1.81/ 0.61

5.68**/ 1.70

3.25**/ 0.05

NLH1, SLH2, SLH3

Germany

0.51/ 3.39**

0.75/ 3.35**

0.61/ 3.57**

DFH1, DFH2, DFH3

Greece

0.74/ 7.21**

1.69/ 8.93**

1.39/ 8.60**

DFH1, DFH2, DFH3

Ireland

17.4**/ 4.12**

0.64/ 3.19**

8.82**/ 4.10**

FBH1, DFH2, FBH3

Italy

10.5**/ 4.64**

0.69/ 3.15**

5.46**/ 5.60**

FBH1, DFH2, FBH3

Latvia

4.93**/ 0.19

6.24**/ 4.68**

5.19**/ 3.41**

SLH1, FBH2, FBH3

Lithuania

10.9**/ 2.96

8.20**/ 0.81

3.93**/ 3.42**

SLH1, SLH2, FBH3

Luxembourg

4.70**/ 1.91

3.86**/ 0.02

4.85**/ 0.94

SLH1, SLH2, SLH3

Malta

4.95**/ 2.04

0.41/ 5.35**

0.14/ 6.70**

SLH1, DFH2, DFH3

Netherland

4.95**/2.04

3.60**/ 1.63

10.8**/ 5.44**

SLH1, SLH2, FBH3

Portugal

3.81**/ 1.12

1.78/ 8.85**

3.89**/ 2.85

SLH1, DFH2, SLH3

Slovakia

1.13/ 4.62**

1.64/ 6.96**

3.81**/ 8.47**

DFH1, DFH2, FBH3

Slovenia

0.74/ 4.40**

3.41**/ 2.52

3.03**/ 2.73

DFH1, SLH2, SLH3

Spain

1.61/ 2.46

3.23**/ 7.55**

0.31/ 7.72**

NLH1, FBH2, DFH3

EZP

18.63**/ 4.23**

5.78**/ 6.25**

4.13**/ 6.23**

FBH1, FBH2, FBH3

  1. Note 1: GDP is per capita economic growth; LID is life insurance density; NID is non-life insurance density; TID is total insurance density; and EZP is Eurozone panel
  2. Note 2: FBH is feedback hypothesis between per capita economic growth and insurance market density; SLH is supply leading hypothesis from insurance market density to per capita economic; DFH is demand following hypothesis from per capita economic growth to insurance market density; and NLH is neutrality hypothesis between per capita economic growth and insurance market density
  3. Note 3: 1: Granger causality between LID and GDP; 2: Granger causality between NID and GDP; and 3: Granger causality between TID and GDP
  4. Note 4: ** is statistical significance at 5% level
  5. Note 5: The reported figures are Wald test statistics