Impact of financial literacy, perceived access to finance, ICT use, and digitization on credit constraints: evidence from Qatari MSME importers

Financial Innovation

Table 4 Number of firms by type of financing, constraint type and firm characteristics

Firm characteristics	CL	BL	TC	OF	Denied	AR	PR	Discouraged	Total credit constrained	% of credit constrained
Activity type
Food and beverages	4	5	3	5	4	3	1	1	9	6.3
Clothing and apparel	1	2	1	1	0	1	2	0	2	1.4
Furniture, electronics, home appliances	16	17	11	17	13	8	7	1	25	17.4
Construction or industrial material or chemical products	15	22	11	24	15	15	5	4	37	25.7
Transportation equipment	2	1	3	2	3	1	0	2	6	4.2
Machinery and mechanical or electrical equipment	19	26	19	34	14	28	12	3	47	32.6
Optical, photographic, cinematic products	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0.7
Other activity	10	11	9	10	9	4	6	1	17	11.8
Ownership type
Sole Propriotership	23	23	24	35	12	33	11	8	56	47.9
Family Business (i.e. more than one owner	23	27	16	25	17	11	11	2	35	29.9
Other enterprises or business associates	5	6	7	7	8	5	3	0	14	12.0
Venture capital enterprises or business angels	4	9	2	10	8	3	2	0	12	10.3
SME age
Under 5 years old	11	11	16	19	4	16	8	0	24	20.5
Between 5 and (less than 10 years old	14	21	15	20	16	16	5	6	40	34.2
More than 10 years old	30	33	18	38	25	20	14	4	53	45.3
Turnover (QAR
Under 1 M	18	17	14	19	11	8	11	1	24	20.5
1 M to 4,999,999	19	25	18	29	19	23	6	3	47	40.2
5 M to 24,999,999	12	13	12	18	5	18	8	2	28	23.9
25–50 M	0	1	1	3	2	2	1	0	4	3.4
Over 50 M	1	0	1	2	1	1	0	0	2	1.7
Preferred not to say	5	8	2	5	7	0	1	2	12	10.3
SME size
1–9 employees	25	20	28	36	11	30	15	3	50	42.7
10–49 employees	23	25	14	24	17	15	8	5	41	35.0
50–249 employees	7	20	7	17	17	7	4	2	26	22.2
Totals per category*	55	65	49	77	45	52	27	10	117

N.B.: Credit Line (CL, Bank Loan (BL, Trade Credit TC) and Other Financing (OF)
*Constrained firms in the activity category exceed the total 117 due to 52 firms dealing in more than one category