Table 3 Sustainable development evaluation indicator system
From: Impact of green digital finance on sustainable development: evidence from China’s pilot zones
Primary indicator | Secondary indicator | Characterization indicator | Indicator description | Attribute |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sustainable development | Economic fundamentals | Economic intensity | Log value of real GDP per capita | Positive |
Urbanization rate | Urban population/number of year-end permanent residents | Positive | ||
Wage level | Average wage of active employees | Positive | ||
Degree of openness | Log value of the actual foreign investment | Positive | ||
Social progress achievements | Education development level | Number of college students per ten thousand people | Positive | |
Level of scientific and technological development | Number of invention patents | Positive | ||
Consumption development level | Log value of total retail sales volume of social consumer goods | Positive | ||
Infrastructure level | Log value of road area per capita | Positive | ||
Ecological progress achievements | Carbon emissions | Log value of carbon dioxide emissions | Negative | |
Gas emissions | Log value of sulfur dioxide emissions | Negative | ||
Liquid emissions | Log value of industrial wastewater emissions | Negative | ||
Dust pollution | Log value of industrial dust emissions | Negative | ||
Green development | Log value of park and greenbelt size | Positive |