Table 12 The interaction between tone ambiguity and backer sentiment

Uncertain

−0.056

−0.232**

(−1.48)

(−2.15)

Uncertain × Positive backer sentiment

−0.208***

−0.391**

(−4.10)

(−2.32)

Weak modal

−0.143**

−0.612***

(−2.38)

(−3.31)

Weak modal × Positive backer sentiment

−0.258***

−0.647**

(−3.27)

(−2.21)

Backer sentiment

0.181***

0.140***

0.348***

0.326***

(6.00)

(5.29)

(4.57)

(4.25)

Funding goal

−0.119***

−0.122***

0.611***

0.591***

(−10.94)

(−11.21)

(12.85)

(12.45)

Duration

−0.066*

−0.066

0.410***

0.370**

(−1.71)

(−1.64)

(2.80)

(2.51)

Rewards

0.125***

0.130***

0.225**

0.244***

(4.99)

(5.18)

(2.42)

(2.62)

Quick updates

0.085***

0.085***

0.165***

0.137**

(4.60)

(4.52)

(2.67)

(2.20)

Comment quantity

0.076***

0.079***

0.324***

0.327***

(11.65)

(12.27)

(14.41)

(15.18)

Total words

0.018

0.027

0.038

0.065

(0.91)

(1.35)

(0.58)

(1.06)

Featured

0.200***

0.200***

0.122*

0.128*

(7.37)

(7.38)

(1.68)

(1.77)

Social network

0.031***

0.034***

0.009

0.016

(3.01)

(3.16)

(0.33)

(0.57)

ARI

−0.003

−0.002

−0.017

−0.020

(−0.88)

(−0.53)

(−1.18)

(−1.41)

Net positive

0.033***

0.035***

0.075**

0.078**

(3.29)

(3.37)

(2.10)

(2.23)

Risk index

−0.007

−0.011

−0.065

−0.068

(−0.59)

(−0.93)

(−1.51)

(−1.59)

Video

0.030***

0.030***

0.039

0.039

(3.49)

(3.34)

(1.13)

(1.03)

Image

0.042***

0.038***

0.033

0.025

(4.08)

(3.67)

(0.91)

(0.71)

Constant

1.388*

1.595**

(1.84)

(2.11)

Subcategory control

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Year controls

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Location controls

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Observations

1172

1172

434

434

Adjusted R²

0.738

0.740

Chi square

293.749

327.392